Contemporary Feminist Sociology: A Critical Analysis of the Integration of Macro and Micro Social Orders
The feminist model of stratification in social production offers a direct critique of the structural functionalist view of society as composed of separate and distinct, though interconnected, institutions and roles. Structural functionalism, long dominated by Parsonian thought, tends to view gender-based role differentiation as necessary for maintaining equilibrium and harmony in the social system. However, feminist sociology debunks this universal assumption by showing that the sexual division of labor is not a natural consensus, but rather a form of structural coercion that perpetuates the domination of one group at the expense of others.
Feminist theory argues that this view is not universal, but rather depicts a positional experience that benefits certain established groups white, male, upper-class, and adult. The rigid and neat role categorizations of functionalism merely represent the comforts of life for dominant actors, freed from the burdens of domestic and emotional labor. Feminist research shows that women and other non-dominant groups do not experience social life as a movement between separate roles. The lives of subordinate groups are never mechanically compartmentalized, but rather a constant continuum of tension between public demands and domestic constraints.
Instead, they engage in a role-balancing effort, a merging of role-related orientations and interests. Through this merging, they engage in a linking of social institutions. Women simultaneously act as household managers, child caretakers, and productive workers, with the boundaries between these roles blurring and overlapping in their daily lives. This role-merging demands enormous emotional and cognitive energy, forcing them to continually negotiate their existence within institutional spaces that are ultimately designed by and for the benefit of patriarchy.
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